<p>The Jackson Mound is a Native American mound in the south-central portion of the USA state of Ohio. Located north of Pancoastburg in Fayette County, it measures approximately 75 ft in diameter and 5.5 ft in height. The mound has never been excavated, making the certain identification of its builders impossible; however, its location on a high terrace above a relatively small stream suggests that it was built by the Adena culture, which favored such sites for its many mounds. If true, it was originally more conical in shape , and it is likely to cover the remains of a wooden charnel house built by the Adena.</p><br>
<p>An archaeological survey performed in 1914 listed forty-two different mounds in Fayette County, but the Jackson Mound is the only one that has survived to the present day. For this reason, it is a significant archaeological site. In recognition of its archaeological value, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in late 1975, being the county&#39;s only archaeological site to be accorded this distinction.</p><br>
<p>Wright Block is a property in Grand Forks, North Dakota that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Also known as Neil&#39;s Block, it was built in 1909. It includes Early Commercial architecture style.</p><br>
<p>When listed the property included just the one contributing building. The listing is for an area of less than 1 acre.</p><br>
<p>Along with Clifford Annex, the Telephone Co. Building, the Dinnie Block, and Golden Square, the Wright Block was one of many "commercial vernacular brick buildings with classical revival details" that were built during a major building boom, with high quality brickwork.</p><br>
<p>The listing is described in its NRHP nomination document.</p><br>
<p>The Harvey Wells House is a historic residence in the city of Wellston in the southern part of the USA state of Ohio. Built in 1883, it was the home of Harvey Wells, a local entrepreneur who founded the city of Wellston in the 1870s with the goal of making it into the region&#39;s leading metropolis. Located on the A Street Hill, the house occupies one of the highest points in the city of Wellston.</p><br>
<p>The Wells House is a frame structure two stories tall, constructed in a mix of the Victorian and the Italianate styles of architecture. Built on a foundation of sandstone, the house features weatherboarded exterior walls, an aluminum roof, and details of brick. Despite succeeding in his attempts to found a city in northeastern Jackson County and in rebuilding the community after it was afflicted by widespread fire in 1888, Harvey Wells was chronically deep in debt. After his death in 1896, the house was emptied of many of its contents, as his furniture had to be sold to reduce the debt that embarrassed his estate. He never owned the house or the land upon which it sits.</p><br>
<p>During the mid-2000s, the home was acquired by the city through a donation from local businessman, Jerry Bobst. From there a restoration program was started, due in part to an appropriation of $100,000 in the state government&#39;s 2005–2006 budget. The first phase of reconstruction, which consisted of basic preservation efforts and stabilization, was completed by the end of 2005. Plans were then approved for the second and third phases, consisting of exterior renovation and interior renovation respectively. Further work was performed under the leadership of architects specializing in historic preservation, starting in early 2010; the Wellston Historical Association commissioned this restoration in the hope of converting the property into a historic house museum. Besides necessary restorations, the contract also involved the addition of new elements, including an office, restrooms, a small porch, electrical wiring and plumbing, and central heating and air conditioning systems. Throughout this process, the Historical Association oversaw reconstruction efforts, with the property remaining in the ownership of the city of Wellston.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, the Harvey Wells House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, due to its significant place as the home of the city&#39;s founder. It is one of three Wellston buildings included on the Register, along with the Clutts House and the Morgan Mansion.</p><br>
<p>St. Michaels Hospital and Nurses Residence is a property in Grand Forks, North Dakota that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. It was also known as St. Annes Guest Home and denoted 32GF14, it was builtin 1907. It was designed by architect George Hancock . Grand Forks architect William J. Edwards designed the Nurses Residence in 1913.</p><br>
<p>It includes Classical Revival architecture. When listed the property included two contributing buildings. The listing is for an area of 3.3 acre. The listing is described in its NRHP nomination document. and</p><br>
<p>The property is now known as "Riverside Manor". St. Anne&#39;s Guest Home relocated to North 17th Street in the 1981 because they were unable to comply with fire codes in the old building.</p><br>
<p>The building survived the 1997 Red River flood, but was nearly torn down to make way for new dikes. However, the USA Army Corps of Engineers was able to design a flood wall that would preserve the building.</p><br>
<p>In 2015 a $1.4 million renovation began, focusing on the bricks, roof, and windows. All 191 windows in the building were replaced.</p><br>
<p>Grand Forks Woolen Mills is a building located on the corner of Third Avenue North and North Third Street in Grand Forks, North Dakota, designed by architect John W. Ross.</p><br>
<p>The building, which is at the northern extremity of the historic commercial district, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed at a cost of US$17,000 for a woolen mill business that had started to trade in 1892. It was situated on a 100 ft x 140 ft plot, which was a typical size for a development area in Grand Forks at that time. It was used for various processes involved in the conversion of wool to cloth, including carding, spinning, weaving, dyeing and sewing. It also contained offices and retail space. A historical survey observed that the building was "the object of intense pride... a local symbol of economic independence from Minnesota, and the focus of Grand Forks&#39; hopes of becoming a manufacturing center." The presence of the mill removed the necessity to ship wool to Minneapolis for conversion, and so it enabled both higher payments to local farmers for their raw materials and lower prices to consumers.</p><br>
<p>The woolen business, which at one point employed 75 people, was a fairly short-lived venture. It ceased operations some time between 1901 and 1906 as it became impossible for it to compete with larger enterprises such as the North Star Woolen Mill in Minneapolis, its Grand Forks location being too distant both from sufficient supplies of raw wool and from consumer markets.</p><br>
<p>A single-story extension was added on the northern aspect. In 1916 the building was gutted by fire. Following the fire, the one-story addition was destroyed. However, with the walls still standing, the main building was rebuilt using a fire-proof construction method in 1918 and at that point included a concrete floor. It was then used for many years as a garage for Hanson Ford.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>The Katherine Anne Porter House is a historic house located in Kyle, Texas. It was built in 1890 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. The house is the childhood home of writer Katherine Anne Porter. It was restored and turned into a short-lived museum at the instigation of Bill Johnson, executive director of the Burdine Johnson Foundation, and Tom Grimes, then-director of the Texas State University MFA program.</p><br>
<p>The house is now home to the Katherine Anne Porter Literary Center, which hosts readings from the Porter collections at the Wittliff collections, located on the seventh floor of the Albert B. Alkek Library at Texas State University.</p><br>
<p>The Center is open to visitors by appointment.</p><br>
<p>Abrahams Farmhouse is a historic home located at Duanesburg in Schenectady County, New York. It was built about 1839 and is a -story, rectangular frame building with a gable roof in a vernacular Greek Revival style. It features a wide frieze pierced by eyebrow windows.</p><br>
<p>The property was covered in a 1984 study of Duanesburg historical resources. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Avery Farmhouse is a historic home and farm complex located at Duanesburg in Schenectady County, New York. The house was built about 1850 by noted master carpenter Alexander Delos "Boss" Jones. It is a two-story, T-shaped, clapboard sided frame building in the Greek Revival style. The main block is flanked by two one-story frame wings. It features a giant pedimented portico supported by square columns. Contributing outbuildings include five silos, a garage, a large multi-component barn complex, and a barn.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Washington School is a building in Grand Forks, North Dakota that was built in 1907. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. and</p><br>
<p>It was designed by William J. Edwards in Classical Revival style, and was built by contractors Melby & Standahl. Rusticated limestone forming walls of the basement level is the only true stone used in the building; the ornamental details on the upper stories are made of cast stone.</p><br>
<p>The listing is for an area of 1 acre with just the one contributing building.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian Church  church located in Muscatine, Iowa, United States. It, along with the attached Sunday School building, were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was initially organized in 1839. It was the first presbytery established in Iowa. On February 2, 1842 the Rev. John Stocker became the first pastor and the church itself was organized with the following members: Elizabeth R. Stocker, Harvey Gillete, Azel Farnsworth, Jane Lathrop, Priscilla Burdit, William Hill, Isabella Ogilvie, Martha Vanatta, Rebecca Smith, Almira Lockwood and Ann Farnsworth. At first the congregation did not have a building of its own and they worshiped in a building called the People&#39;s Church, which was a union meeting house, a building occupied by Trinity Episcopal and the Masons, and a log school house.</p><br>
<p>The congregation erected its first church building in 1849 when the Rev. John Hudson was the pastor. The building measured 35 by and was located at the corner of Mulberry Street between Third and Fourth Streets. The first Iowa Synod in the Presbyterian Church was organized here in 1852. By 1856 the congregation outgrew the building and plans were made for a new one.</p><br>
<p>The present church building was built at the corner of Iowa Avenue and Fourth Street. The Gothic Revival style structure was dedicated in 1859. The dedicatory address was delivered by the Rev. W.S. Plummer, D.D., of the Western Theological Seminary in Allegheny, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The classroom wing was added to the church in 1915. The building was listed as an American Presbyterian and Reformed Historical Site in 1976, and the following year it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. The sanctuary was remodeled in 2004-2005. The renovation featured a larger gathering space in the narthex.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church building is a rectangular structure, built on a raised basement, that follows a basilica plan. The exterior is composed of red brick, and the early Gothic Revival style exhibits Tudor Revival elements. The building is five bays in length and divided by buttresses capped with white stone weatherings. It is also three bays wide. The shallow, gable roof features a narrow wood cornice. The three-stage central tower on the main facade includes the primary entry on the lower level and a belfry at the top. It is capped with a crenelated parapet. The door at the primary entrance is deeply recessed within a four-centered arch with a tracery-window transom. Pinnacles are located in each corner of the facade.</p><br>
<p>The Sunday School building sits to the north of the church. The plan and massing of the structure is Neoclassical with Gothic Revival details that repeat those of the church. The two-story structure is on a raised basement, and capped with a hip roof. The facade features a three-bay gabled pavilion. The windows are rectangular overall with the exception of the second floor windows in the central pavilion, which have four-centered arches. The building also reflects the neighboring church with the white trim around windows and white stone for the water table.</p><br>
<p>The two buildings are connected by an entrance pavilion. The stone trim and shape of the gable end reflects the pavilion of the Sunday School building. The wide Tudor arch and tracery panel at the entrance reflects the church&#39;s entry. The church, Sunday School building and the entrance pavilion form a U-shaped complex.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church is located in Marion, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church was organized on February 5, 1842. There were originally nine members, many of whom transferred their membership from the Linn Grove Presbyterian Church near Springville, Iowa. It was originally called the Old School Presbyterian Church. While that generally refers to it being conservative, it also meant in the years before the Civil War that it was anti-slavery.</p><br>
<p>Initially, the congregation met for services in public buildings, including the Linn County courthouse, which was in Marion at that time. There was no pastor in the early years. The Rev. Salmon Cowles, a Presbyterian missionary based in Keokuk, visited about four times a year. The Marion and Linn Groves churches shared the Rev. J.S. Fullerton as a pastor starting in 1849.</p><br>
<p>Property on Market Street (now Tenth Street) was purchased for $60 in 1851. It took five years to build a church building with volunteer labor. In 1852 a Sunday School was organized. At the same time, the Rev. Alexander S. Marshall began a nearly 40-year pastorate with the church. He saw that construction was finished on the church.</p><br>
<p>The congregation grew and planning for a new building was begun. Construction on the present Gothic Revival structure began in July 1884. It was designed by Marshalltown, Iowa architect Frank M. Ellis. Stone for the building was hauled in from Stone City, Iowa. The church was dedicated on September 27, 1885. A unique feature of this church building in Iowa is its octagonal shape.</p><br>
<p>The Westminster House was the first major addition since the church was built, and was constructed from 1954 to 1956. A kitchen was added and a new Moller organ was purchased at the same time. A major remodeling project occurred in 1967, which included a new ceiling and new pews. A 1988 addition was built and it included a lounge, choir room, and pastor&#39;s office. The lot northwest of the church was acquired in 1989, the building on it was razed and it was made into a parking lot.</p><br>
<p>In 1997 the sanctuary was renovated with new carpet and new pew cushions. The following year the handbell choirs were established. The first part of a three-phase restoration project of the stained glass windows was completed in 1999.</p><br>
<p>In 2000 Pastor Howard Chapman served a Presbyterian church in Scotland during the summer months, and First Presbyterian hosted Scottish Pastor Eric Foggit and his family. In 2001 the second phase of the stained glass window restoration was completed and the renovation of the Westminster House chapel as a multi-purpose room as well as a chapel was completed.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>A notable feature of the church building is its symmetry. It has a steeply pitched hipped roof, a square corner tower with a spire, and four large projecting gables. Large stained glass windows are located in three of those gabled elevations. The fourth gable houses the pipe organ on the interior. There are two main entryways into the building, one in the tower and one in the northeast angle. The sanctuary is an open room without columns or other dividers. Its primary decorative feature is the Gothic-style woodwork that frames the large windows and the ceiling. The pews are set at an angle so as to fill the octagonal space. The 1950s addition was built immediately adjacent to the west wall of the sanctuary.</p><br>
<h2>Social Ministry</h2><br>
<p>Mission House was built by First Presbyterian in 1985 just north of the church. The Churches of Marion Pantry, which was begun in 1982, is located there. It is operated by nine local churches and makes food available to those in need. Also housed there is Helping Hands Storeroom, which is operated by volunteers from First Presbyterian. The Storeroom provides donated clothing, bedding, household items, and toys to those in need.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s United Methodist Church is located in downtown Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States. The Louis Sullivan-designed building has been individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1985. In 2000 it was included as a contributing property in the Second and Third Avenue Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Methodist Episcopal Church, as it was known at its founding, was begun in 1840. Its first minister was the Rev. J. Hodges, who was a circuit rider, and was sent by the Rock River Conference. He first preached in the autumn of 1840 in a log cabin owned by Mrs. John Listebarger. It is believed to be the first public (Christian) religious service in the city of Cedar Rapids.</p><br>
<p>Land was purchased by the congregation for $180 on September 11, 1853 to build a church. The property later became the site for Union Station and is now the Third Avenue Parking Ramp. A one-story brick church was begun the same year. During construction, the building was blown over before the roof was completed. It was dedicated in 1856. As the congregation continued to grow a larger building was needed and in 1870 a new structure was built on the corner of Fourth Avenue and Fifth Street SE. Progress on building the structure was slowed by the financial panic of 1870. The lower floor was completed in 1873 and the main auditorium was completed five years later. Henry Ward Beecher preached in the newly completed auditorium. A new parsonage, the first for the church, was built as part of the church. That site, including the church and parsonage, were later razed to provide the location of the Young Women&#39;s Christian Association, now the present-day Waypoint shelter.</p><br>
<p>Property for the present church building was purchased in 1909 at Third Avenue and Fourteenth Street, SE, which was on the edge of town at the time. Louis Sullivan was commissioned to design the new church. Sullivan lived in Cedar Rapids from 1910-1912 while he designed the church. He designed a “Modern church for a seven-day program” that included Sunday School space, a gymnasium and a sanctuary with a multi-colored glass dome in the auditorium. The building would have cost twice the amount the church was willing to spend so Sullivan was told to re-draw his plans. He resigned as the architect after making minor changes that reduced the costs only slightly. He was not willing to sacrifice the ornamentation of his design.</p><br>
<p>W.C. Jones was hired to re-draw the Sullivan plans within the budget of $100,000. He made minor changes to the design, which is essentially still Sullivan&#39;s work. Jones largely cut out many of the decorative details, such as four large angels on the church tower as well as interior changes in the auditorium.</p><br>
<p>Bishop William Quayle dedicated the new church on May 31, 1914. The church building features a buttressed bell tower that is</p><br>
<p>22 ft&sup2; and 108 ft tall. The church was remodeled in 1946. The project included new carpeting, a new organ, a remodeled chapel, and the gymnasium was converted into classroom space. In 1954 the sanctuary, formerly referred to as the auditorium, was remodeled and in 1963 an education wing was opened. A bell loft for the handbell choirs was added in 1976. The following year Robert L. Sipe built a new pipe organ. It includes four divisions, 43 ranks, and 2,358 pipes. The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 27, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Governor Charles Croswell House is a building located at 228 North Broad Street in the city of Adrian in Lenawee County, Michigan, United States. It was designated as a Michigan State Historic Site on February 19, 1958 and later listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 16, 1972. It is located very close to but is not part of the Downtown Adrian Commercial Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Charles Croswell was born in 1825 in New York. He was orphaned at an early age, and went to live with his uncle, carpenter Daniel Hicks. Hicks, with young Croswell, moved from New York to Adrian in 1831. Hicks constructed this house some time in the 1840s. Croswell purchased the house from the Hicks family after Daniel died in 1847. Croswell himself moved into the house in the early 1850s soon after his marriage to Lucy Eddy.</p><br>
<p>In 1925, Croswell&#39;s widow, Elizabeth Merrill, restored the house, and donated it to the Lucy Wolcott Barnum Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution as a memorial to Charles Croswell. Today, the chapter continues to maintain ownership of the house, which now serves as a museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Croswell House is a one-and-a-half-story Greek Revival structure, constructed of red-painted brick with white trim. A single story wing is located to one side, and a single-story extension is located at the rear. Two square-pillared verandas extend across the fronts of the main section and the wing. Each shelters an entryway, the one located in the main section which opens into a hallway, and the one located in the side wing leading into the dining room. The windows are six over six sliding sash with plain trim.</p><br>
<p>Congregational United Church of Christ is located in the downtown area of Iowa City, Iowa, United States near the campus of the University of Iowa. The congregation was organized in 1856 and the church building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. In 2004 it was included as a contributing property in the Jefferson Street Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Seventeen individuals signed the charter that initiated the congregation in 1856. Chicago architect Gurdon P. Randall designed the present church and the cornerstone was laid in 1868. The building cost $30,000 to construct, and it was dedicated on December 9, 1869.</p><br>
<p>A parsonage was built on the eastside of the church in 1891, which was later sold to the university and is now the location of the biology building. In 1903 a Lyon and Healy organ was installed. Other additions to the church include the administration annex, which was built in 1924, and the Little Chapel built in 1940.</p><br>
<p>In 1957 the Congregational Church and the Evangelical and Reformed Church merged to form the United Church of Christ. The congregation was affiliated with the new church at this time. The same year a new Wicks organ was installed and the Christian Education building was added.</p><br>
<p>Renovations to the church building made for a new ground floor entry and improvements to the social hall, choir loft and chancel in 1969. The sanctuary became handicapped accessible in 1986, and was renovated in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Casavant Frères, Opus 3867, pipe organ was donated anonymously to the congregation in 2007. It combines elements of the church&#39;s previous instruments. The base of the retable woodwork is from the 1903 Lyon and Healy organ; the upper portion of the case, with the Gothic style embellishments, were from the 1934 additions; and seven ranks from the 1958 Wicks organ are part of the 29 ranks of the new organ.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The brick, Gothic Revival structure features a square corner tower, an asymmetrical facade, and a small tower at the rear that was part of the ventilating heating system. The small turret opposite the tower originally terminated in a pinnacle. A small vestibule, added in 1969, projects from the front of the building. Above it are three lancet windows. The same type of window also lines the side walls. The main sanctuary is located above a raised basement. A 1934 renovation of the interior saw the introduction of the Gothic-styled beams on what was a plain ceiling.</p><br>
<p>Hebron Center Historic District encompasses most of the historic village center of Hebron, Connecticut. Centered on the junction of Connecticut Routes 66 and 85, it has served as the rural community&#39;s civic center since its incorporation in 1708. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Hebron was incorporated in 1708, and has historically been agricultural for much of its history. Its town green, also the site of a colonial meeting house, was the only civic focal point of consequence in its early years, later augmented by a tavern, shop, and gristmill. The town green now survives only in fragmented portions on either side of Main Street (Route 66), owing to 20th-century highway widening and alignment. A series of fires in the 19th century wiped out virtually all of the village&#39;s 18th-century buildings, and only a handful of early 19th-century houses survive. and</p><br>
<p>The historic district is centered at the junction of Routes 66 and 85, the former an early main road. It extends for a short distances in most directions, and a slightly longer distance eastward along Route 66, and includes a few houses on two side streets, Marjorie Circle and Wall Street. The district included 60 contributing buildings, the Hebron Green (Veterans Memorial Park), the remains of the site of the Hebron Town Pound, and the cemetery of St. Peter&#39;s Episcopal Church. Also included are 19 non-contributing buildings and six war memorials (non-contributing objects) on the surviving elements of the Hebron Green. In addition to many 19th-century houses, several churches and the town public library (Douglas Library) are also included in the district.</p><br>
<p>The St. Francis Xavier Church in the Downtown district of Missoula, Montana, is the tallest church in Missoula, and one of the tallest in the state . It is also the tallest church in Missoula County, Montana. It has paintings well over 100 years old, which were done by a brother of the Society of Jesus, a kitchen helper, who painted them in his spare time. It is located at 420 West Pine Street.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When the church was built in 1892, it became the largest church in Montana. It is a cruciform church in the Romanesque Revival style. The arches over the windows and doors are semicircular, and there are smaller arches along the eave line, small buttresses, and a bell tower. Jesuit lay brother Joseph Carignano (1853–1919), who also painted the frescoes at St. Ignatius Mission, painted the interior. The church also has stained glass windows, a pipe organ, and a 2,270 pound church bell dedicated to Jesuit missionary Father Lawrence Palladino.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Braman House is a historic house located at Braman&#39;s Corners in Duanesburg, Schenectady County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It was built in the 1850s and is a two-story, three-bay wide frame building on a random-coursed stone foundation in a constructed vernacular Greek Revival style. It has a gabled roof, flanking one-story wings, and a -story rear wing. Also on the property is a contributing carriage house.</p><br>
<p>The property was covered in a 1984 study of Duanesburg historical resources. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 24, 1987.</p><br>
<p>Chadwick Farmhouse is a historic home located at Duanesburg in Schenectady County, New York. It was built about 1870 and is a two-story, five bay frame building with picturesque, late-Victorian style eclectic features. It features a truncated hipped roof with prominent cross gables. Also on the property is a contributing dairy and springhouse.</p><br>
<p>The property was covered in a 1984 study of Duanesburg historical resources.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Chapman Farmhouse is a historic home located at Duanesburg in Schenectady County, New York. It was built about 1832 and is a -story, five-bay frame building on a slightly raised stone foundation in a late-Federal / early-Greek Revival style. It features a gable roof with cornice returns, a wide frieze, narrow corner boards, and clapboard siding. Also on the property is a contributing barn.</p><br>
<p>The property was covered in a 1984 study of Duanesburg historical resources.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>St. Peters United Evangelical Lutheran Church is a former Lutheran Church located in rural Clayton County, Iowa, United States. The church was a part of a village by the name of Ceres. The church building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The property is also known as the Pioneer Rock Church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village of Ceres was initially called Independence. The Lutherans in the area traveled to Garnavillo, Iowa for services where the Rev. Paul Stockfeld was the pastor. Stockfeld, who was also a teacher and doctor, was called to help organize the church at Independence. The members who organized the new church with Rev. Stockfeld included G.H. Bierbaum; Chris Bierbaum; Casper, Henry and Carl Backhaus; H. Wiegman, J.H. Abker and Gerhard Walke. They initially met in February 1858 and elected J.H. Abker the president and Stockfeld as the secretary.</p><br>
<p>Land for the church building was purchased for $30 an acre from Eli Carlan. Gerhard Bierbaum deeded another acre for a total of 6.16 acre. The church members quarried the stone from the Bierbaum quarry. The cornerstone for the church was laid on October 25, 1858. The building measures 55 by, with the 12 ft length in the back reserved for the pastor&#39;s quarters. The structure was built for less than $1,100. A well of 35 ft deep and 5 ft in diameter was dug by Sebastian Walsh for a $1.00 a foot until he hit rick and then he was paid $1.15 a foot.</p><br>
<p>The altar was designed by Mr. Prior of Guttenberg, Iowa for $68. Casper, Henry and Carl Backhaus built the pews and were paid $2.50 for each pew. The altar and pews were painted white with the trim in walnut.</p><br>
<p>During the pastorate of Rev. Ziemer the bell tower was added to the church building in 1898 for $300. A bell was installed the same year for $111. A church organ was bought for $102 in 1874, and another was bought in 1890. Mrs. G. Blech served the church as its organist.</p><br>
<p>The Rev. Gamelin became pastor at both the Pioneer Rock Church and in Garnavillo in 1894. Services at that time were held every two weeks in the church. The last resident pastor, the Rev. John Bunge, served from 1901-1907. The last two pastors, the Rev. Mall, and the Rev. Bosholm, resided in Garnavillo. In 1927 an association was formed to take care of the church and cemetery as a memorial to those who built it.</p><br>
<p>The Lucian Newhall House was a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States near the downtown area. The Italianate residence was built in 1875 by Lucian Newhall. Charles Whitaker, a contractor, bought the property in 1887 for $1,000. After Whitaker sold the house it was solely a rental four-plex, and it has subsequently been torn down. The wood-frame structure sat on a stone foundation. It featured a bracketed porch, window bays on the sides and window surrounds. The entrances to the four units sat side by side in the center of the main façade. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Benjamin Nighswander House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. The Queen Anne residence has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Benjamin Nighswander was a contractor and builder who built this house between 1895 and 1896. Nighswander himself lived across the alley from this house while it was being built. William Bryson occupied the house in 1898 and it suggests that Nighswander built it on speculation and not as his own use.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>There are a few picturesque touches found on this house that distinguish it from the other houses in the neighborhood. The house is a frame structure that follows an L-plan with a front porch. The fanciful roofscape features a sweeping curve that extends over the porch. A small polygonal turret enhances the picturesque effect. Other noteworthy details include the gable-end shingling, the narrow, denticular belt coursing, and the second-floor window whose framing gives it a circular appearance.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Ockershausen House is a historic building located in a residential-light industrial neighborhood on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Henry Ockershausen worked as a bank clerk at Citizen&#39;s National Bank and later at the German Savings Bank. He and his wife Minnie had this house built in 1908. It is located in a section of the city that had been destroyed in the East Davenport Fire of 1901.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Henry Ockershausen House is a 2½-story, frame structure with a steep side-gable roof and a large front gable. It exemplifies the transition from the Queen Anne style, which was popular in the late 19th-century, to the Colonial Revival style that became popular in the early 20th-century. Its verticality in form, especially the large wall dormer in the center of the main facade, is from the Queen Anne style. The dormers soffits curve inward and meet the partially returned cornices. Its verticality is enhanced from its location on the crest of a hill, which naturally draws the observers eye upward. Various decorative elements suggest the Colonial Revival style. A large Adamesque oval window is located in the center of the wall dormer on the front, and there is a tall glass oval window at the main entrance. The full-length porch on the front of the house is built on a rock-faced stone foundation. It is noteworthy for the two lion statues on pedestals at the base of the steps.</p><br>
<p>The Jacob Quickel House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Late Gothic Revival style residence was built in 1880. Jacob Quickel, who worked as a cutter at the Rock Island Arsenal, began living here in 1902. He is the earliest known person to reside here. C. Rollin Marks, who worked as a clerk at his family&#39;s business, the Security Fire Insurance Company, bought the house in 1907.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>This is a rare Gothic Revival style house in Davenport. The style is realized in the very steep and narrow gables. It is also found in the strongly-shaped vergeboards, porch and window details, which all give the structure a rectilinear feeling. This is typical of the Late Gothic Revival in contrast to the earlier expression of the style, which is conveyed in its use of curves. The two-story frame house was built on a rock-faced stone foundation. It features a cross-gable plan and a porch that wraps around the front and the south side.</p><br>
<p>The Willam Radcliff House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William and Emily Radcliff had this house built in 1911. Radcliff was the secretary and treasurer for the Register Life and Annuity Insurance Co.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Radcliffs house is one of the more distinguished examples of the American Craftsman style in Davenport. It reflects the influence of Californias prototypes of the style. These influences are found in the houses open plan, the wide eaves, the numerous gables, and the rounded ends of the porch brackets. The houses low profile emphasizes its horizontality. It is also expressed in its plain vergeboards with raked ends on the shallow gabled roofs and dormers. The materials used in the houses construction are also appropriate for the Craftsman style. It features plain wood, wall shingles, smooth brick, glazed gray terracotta, and rubble fieldstone.</p><br>
<p>The F.J. Raible House is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. F.J. Raible, who worked for a cigar manufacturer, began living in this house in 1884. While this house follows the Greek Revival style, which was very popular in Davenport, the main entrance and the windows are set within a slightly recessed plane. The window hoods are the only other decorative element on the house. This residence has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Capron-Phillips House is a historic house located at 1129 Main Street in the South Coventry village of Coventry, Connecticut. Built about 1864, it is a well-preserved example of Italianate architecture, retaining significant interior and exterior features. It also served as Coventry&#39;s post office and drug store for many years. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and is a contributing property to the South Coventry Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Capron-Phillips House is located near the eastern end of the village of South Coventry, on the south side of Main Street (Connecticut Route 31) at its junction with Mason Street. It is a three-story, wood-framed structure with a low-pitch hip roof, and a two-story ell extending to the rear. It has modillioned and bracketed eaves at both the roof line and on the porch. A projecting gable-roofed section at the front features a three-part round-arch window in the gable. Original interior features include plaster cove moulding in the main parlors, carved marble fireplace surrounds, and door and window hardware. and</p><br>
<p>The house was built sometime between 1863, when George Capron purchased the land, and 1868, when he mortgaged the land with this building standing on it. Capron, whose local significance is unknown, sold the house to a bank in 1879, at which time it was apparently in use as the local post office. Subsequent owners continued that use, also operating a drug store on the premises until 1953. It has since seen a variety of mainly commercial uses, although has also seen residential use.</p><br>
<p>The Renwick House is a historic building located in the central part of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Renwick family may have built this house in 1867, and various members of the family lived here into the 20th century. Lumber baron William Renwick, a partner in the firm Renwick, Crossett & Shaw, lived here from 1867 to around 1895, when he moved to a mansion he built closer to the Mississippi River. That house eventually became a part of St. Katharine&#39;s School. His sisters Margaret and Rebecca Renwick lived here from the mid-1890s to just before World War I. It was during this time that the house was extensively renovated. Rebecca owned her own millinery shop named Renwick and Hannah. The house has subsequently been converted into apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>When the house was built in the late 1860s, it appears to have followed the Italianate style. This is suggested by the three-stage tower still visible at the back of the house. It features a low, bracketed hipped roof typical of the style. The house sits perpendicular to the street and may have faced a great lawn to the south. The back of the house faces Fifteenth Street. It was converted to the Colonial Revival style when it was renovated in 1905. It features a symmetrical façade and a hipped roof with dormers. The dormers themselves have a gable roof that features partially returned cornices and fluted pilasters that flank the small windows. Egg-and-dart and denticular moldings are found on the house&#39;s main cornice. The columns on the main porch follow the Doric order. To the right of the porch is an irregularly shaped solar that has stained glass transom panels over tall windows.</p><br>
<p>The original section of the Grove , the country seat of Philip Jeremiah Schuyler and, subsequently, Mary Morton Miller, embodies the prototypical two-story, five-bay, center-hall form associated with the Federal period. Schuyler was married to Sarah Rutsen, and the land had been in the Rutsen family. The Landsman Kill, running through the property, had been the site of the Rutsen family&#39;s grist and saw mills, important settlement period industrial concerns in Rhinebeck during the early- to mid-eighteenth century. Schuyler acquired the mills, which he continued to operate, and a large parcel of land upon which he erected his elegant Federal style mansion. (The subsequent evolution of the Grove, in form, scale and decorative detailing, and its nineteenth-century historical associations place its primary significance in a later period as a 19th-century country seat. A carriage house on the property was built in the 1890s and is attributed to the architectural firm of McKim, Mead & White.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Edward C. Roberts House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Edward C. Roberts was the son of Uriah and Julia Roberts. At the time he had this house built in 1909 he was the president of the U.N. Roberts Co. and the Gordon-Van Tine Company. They were both local planing mills that were merged into a single company. His mother Julia ran the U.N. Roberts Company for almost 30 years before he took over its operations. The Roberts firm was the most successful planing mill located in Davenport.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Roberts house appears to be one of the styles that the Gordon-Van Tine Company offered in its catalog. The two-story side porch version was offered in the 1918 Gordon-Van Tine Ready Cut homes catalog, but the house was first offered -- with only a single-story side porch-- in their 1916 Ready Cut homes catalog, which also showed the house on its cover. The house is not a pure example of any architectural style. However, it is one of the few examples of a strong influence of the Prairie School-style found in Davenport. Its symmetry and the prominent entry reflect the influence of the Georgian/Federal Revival, which was very popular in the city. The Prairie School influence is found in its horizontality, which is realized in the low hipped roof, wide eaves, and its windows that are grouped in bands. The stylized columns in antis of the entry combines the Neoclassical with an arrangement that is found on a number of early Prairie School houses by Frank Lloyd Wright and his followers in Oak Park, Illinois and Mason City, Iowa.</p><br>
<p>The Eleazer Williams House is a historic house in Mansfield Center, Connecticut, United States. It is located on Storrs Road  near the southeast corner of the junction with Dodd Road. Completed in 1710, it was the home of the town&#39;s first minister and has a well-preserved chronology of alteration, illustrating changing building practices over the 18th century. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and is included within the Mansfield Center Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Eleazer Williams House is located in the village of Mansfield Center, on the east side of Storrs Road, south of its junction with Dodd Road. It is a -story wood-frame structure with a side-gable roof and clapboarded exterior. The clapboards probably date to the late 18th century and are fastened to the framing with hand-cut nails. Its main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance sheltered by a multi-columned Colonial revival portico.</p><br>
<p>Construction on the house was begun in 1709 by Samuel Fuller but was completed in 1710 by the town, which purchased the unfinished structure from Fuller in 1710. It was built for the Reverend Eleazer Williams, son of the Deerfield, Massachusetts minister John Williams, and served as the town parsonage for 75 years. The house underwent significant remodeling between 1750 and 1775, giving it a more Georgian appearance with a saltbox shape. Around 1800, the house was again altered, raising the roof in the rear to a full two stories, and in 1853, the c. 1760 chimneys were removed. The house is considered an excellent showpiece of the evolutionary alteration of a colonial-era house over time.</p><br>
<p>The Captain Nathan Hale Monument is a 45 ft obelisk in Coventry, Connecticut, built in 1846 in honor of Nathan Hale, the Revolutionary War hero, who was born in Coventry. It was one of the first war memorials to be built in the United States, and is a significant work of both architect Henry Austin and builder Solomon Willard. Now owned and maintained by the state, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Captain Nathan Hale Monument is located in South Coventry village, at the entrance to the Nathan Hale Cemetery on Lake Street. It is set off-center in a roughly rectangular grassy area slightly elevated by a granite retaining wall, part of which serves as the border wall of the cemetery and its entrance drive. The monument is 45 ft in height, with a stepped square base, surmounted by a paneled section, above which is a gabled cornice, with the body of the obelisk above. The monument is constructed out of granite quarried in Quincy, Massachusetts, from the same quarries that supplied the Bunker Hill Monument. Each face of the panel section bears an inscription, one of them consisting of Hales famous quotation "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country." The monuments architectural style has been described as Greek Revival and Exotic Revival.</p><br>
<p>A committee of the town began to consider the construction of a monument to its native son in 1837. At the time, it encountered opposition to war memorials that were fairly typical in the United States at the time, including some resistance from the Hale family, who thought it unseemly. They persevered, and eventually raised private donations and state funds for the effort. The memorial was designed by Henry Austin, a prominent Connecticut architect, and was built in 1846 by Solomon Willard, owner of the Quincy granite quarries. The quarried stone was shipped to Norwich by regional railroads at no cost, and was delivered the rest of the way to Coventry by oxen. A retaining wall made of "massive stones five feet in length" was built in 1894. and</p><br>
<p>The monument was one of the first large-scale monuments in the United States to commemorate an individual or event, preceding the Bunker Hill Monument (completed 1846) and the Washington Monument (completed 1885). Monuments and memorials of this type were not built in significant numbers until after the American Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The South Market Historic District is a cluster of five buildings at the intersection of Market Street and Church Avenue in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. The buildings, which include the Cherokee Building , the Ely Building , the Cunningham , the Stuart , and the Cate , were built circa 1895&mdash;1907, and were used for both office space and residential space. Several prominent Knoxville physicians and three marble companies operated out of the buildings in this district in the early 1900s.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The five buildings comprising the South Market Historic District stand along the southwest corner of the intersection of Market and Church, with the Cherokee and Ely buildings facing Church, and the remaining three buildings facing Market. The districts buildings are dwarfed by the 15-story General Building, which rises across the street from the Cherokee and Ely. A patio and courtyard area lies between the rear wings of the Cherokee, Ely, and Cunningham buildings, and is accessible via pedestrian alleyways on the west and south side of the Cherokee. The red brick sidewalk in front of the buildings was built in 1982 as part of citywide improvements for the 1982 Worlds Fair.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The block containing the South Market Historic District was part of Lot 56 on Charles McClungs original 1791 plat of Knoxville. In the citys early years, Market Street, originally known as Chestnut Street and later known as Prince Street until 1914, was one of the citys principal commercial avenues, due in large part to its access to the Prince Street Wharf at its south end along the Tennessee River. During the 1850s, Prince Street, along with Gay Street, became one of Knoxvilles first paved roads.</p><br>
<p>By the outbreak of the Civil War, most of Knoxville&#39;s commercial activity had shifted eastward to Gay Street and northward to Market Square and the railroad tracks. South Market was primarily a residential area during this period. An 1886 map of Knoxville shows a cluster of three two-story buildings along Church where the Cherokee and Ely now stand, and a plain one-story building where the Cate now stands. The most prominent building in the area was the sanctuary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, which stood on the lot currently occupied by the General Building (this congregation has since moved to the Church Street United Methodist Church on Henley).</p><br>
<p>During the 1890s, as Knoxville grew more congested, large single-family houses began disappearing from the downtown area. Builders preferred more compact structures that provided a mix of residential and commercial uses. Several buildings in the South Market Historic District, constructed between 1895 and 1907, reflect this transition, with first stories built for office and commercial use, and second stories for residential use.</p><br>
<p>Early occupants of the South Market Historic District included several prominent Knoxville physicians, among them J. M. Kennedy, C. E. Ristine, and S. R. Miller.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The following five buildings are contributing properties in the South Market Historic District:</p><br>
<p>The Cherokee Building (404 Church Avenue), a three-story brick building with Italianate elements constructed circa 1895. This building once contained entrances on the eastern half of the Church Avenue facade as well as on the Market facade, but these have since been converted into windows. Home to numerous businesses over the years, the Cherokee has since been renovated for use as urban residential lofts and also includes the law offices of David Eldridge and Tasha Blakney (Eldridge & Blakney, P.C.).</p><br>
<p>The Ely Building (406 Church Avenue), a two-story brick building with Italianate influences constructed in 1903 for use as a physicians&#39; office. The building has a two-bay facade, with a projecting entrance with marble voussoir and Tennessee pink marble steps on the west bay and windows on the east bay. A stairway in front of the east bay descends to a gated basement entrance.</p><br>
<p>The Cunningham Building (707 Market Street), originally called the "Keystone Building," a three-story Renaissance Revival-style brick building constructed in late 1907. The building is characterized by its marble trim, Tennessee "pink" marble voussoirs, and a segmented arched entrance. The Cunningham currently houses law offices for Market Street attorneys on the first floor. There are residential condominiums on its upper floors and on the basement level. In the early years of the 20th century the building housed physicians and multiple coal and mining companies as well as residences. In the 1950s the building housed the City Directory Company and Rotheberger Directory Company on the second floor. In the 1960s the National Outboarding Association operated out of the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The Stuart Building (709 Market Street), originally called the "McNutt Building," a three-story Renaissance Revival-style brick building constructed in 1902. The building&#39;s design elements include limestone trim, marble steps, and a gated entrance. The Stuart currently houses the law offices of Market Street Attorneys Dan McGehee and Deno Cole (McGehee & Cole, P.C.), Cameron Bell and Matthew Tuck.</p><br>
<p>The Cate Building (713 Market Street), a three-story Renaissance Revival-style brick building constructed circa 1895. Like the Stuart, the Cate was originally known as the "McNutt Building." This building has limestone trim, a recessed arched entrance, and Tennessee "pink" marble steps. The Cate currently houses the law offices of Market Street Attorneys Tyler Roper (The Roper Law Firm), Keith Stewart, Steve Sharp & Ron Attanasio (Sharp & Attanasio).</p><br>
<p>The Mansfield Center Historic District encompasses the historic early village center of Mansfield, Connecticut. First settled about 1692, it is one of the oldest settlements in Tolland County, and retains a strong sense of 18th century colonial layout. It extends along Storrs Street  extending from Chaffeeville Road in the north to Centre Street in the south, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The area that became the town of Mansfield was first settled about 1692, when Storrs Street was laid out and 21 large house lots were allocated. Two buildings survive from the early period of settlement: the Old Uncle Hall Place, set well on the west side of the street, is a significantly altered house built about 1694, and the Eleazer Williams House, built 1710, is a well-preserved Georgian parsonage house. The village was largely bypassed by industrial development in the town, which resulted in the creation of a number of small mill villages, and to some extent by the establishment of the University of Connecticut at Storrs to the north. The result is a cluster of mainly residential 18th and 19th-century buildings, along with the town hall, library, general store, and church. Also surviving is an early 19th-century animal pound, a rectangular stone enclosure now located on private property. and</p><br>
<p>The district is basically linear, extending along Storrs Street between Chafeeville Road and Centre Street. The most architecturally sophisticated house, and its largest 19th-century residence, is the 1836 Fitch Mansion, a fine example of Greek Revival architecture designed by Colonel Edwin Fitch. The First Church of Christ, (Congregational) United Church of Christ is the third to stand on the site; the current structure was built in 1866 after the second burned. The town library is a single-story Georgian Revival brick building, built in 1923 on a site that formerly housed a district school. The 1886 general store stands at the corner of Storrs and Centre Streets; it is one of a small number of surviving 19th-century general stores in the state.</p><br>
<p>Ferguson Farm Complex is a historic home and farm complex located at Duanesburg in Schenectady County, in the USA state of New York. The house was built about 1848 and is a 2-story, three-bay clapboard-sided frame building in a vernacular Greek Revival style. It has a 2-story, three-bay wing and a 1½-story, two-bay wing. It features a gable roof with cornice returns, a wide frieze, and corner pilasters. Also on the property are two contributing barns , a garage, shed, and silo.</p><br>
<p>The property was covered in a 1984 study of Duanesburg historical resources.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Gaige Homestead is a historic home located at Duanesburg in Schenectady County, New York. The house was built about 1830 and is a rectangular two story, five bay frame building in a vernacular Federal style. It has a one-story, gable roofed side wing. It features a gable roof with cornice returns, a recessed central entrance, and two brick interior end chimneys. Also on the property are two sheds, a carriage house, and a shop building.</p><br>
<p>The property was covered in a 1984 study of Duanesburg historical resources.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Gilbert Homestead is a historic home located at Duanesburg in Schenectady County, New York. The house was built about 1860 and is a rectangular two story, four bay frame vernacular farmhouse. It has a gable roof, a central chimney, novelty siding, and slender corner pilasters. Also on the property are two contributing barns and two sheds.</p><br>
<p>The property was covered in a 1984 study of Duanesburg historical resources.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Joseph Green Farmhouse is a historic home located at Duanesburg in Schenectady County, New York. It was built about 1857 and is a two-story, three bay frame dwelling with clapboard siding in a vernacular Greek Revival style. There is a one-story rear wing. The house has a gable roof with prominent cornice returns and a wide frieze, and broad corner pilasters. Also on the property are two contributing barns, a garage, and shed.</p><br>
<p>The property was covered in a 1984 study of Duanesburg historical resources.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Minong Mine is a historic mine site located west of McCargoe Cove campground on Isle Royale National Park, Michigan, United States. The district contains both the remnants of a 19th-century copper mine and remains of pre-contact mining activity. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 and designated a National Historic Landmark in 2021.</p><br>
<h2>Prehistoric mining</h2><br>
<p>Native Americans first began mining copper at the Minong Mine site 4500 years ago, using stone implements to extract the pure copper available at the site and cold-hammering the metal to form spear points and other implements. These prehistoric miners created pits, some as much as 30 feet deep, that can still be seen at the site. Some pits showed evidence of early engineering efforts, using boulders to support the walls of the pit and drains to remove water. There was evidence that these ancient miners utilized fire-setting, where rocks were split by heating them with fire and rapidly cooling them with water to extract the copper within.</p><br>
<p>When re-discovered in the 19th century, the prehistoric excavations in the Minong Mine area were described as extending "in almost a continuous line for more than two miles, in most instances the pits being so close together as barely to permit their convenient working." A number of ancient mining artifacts were collected from the Minong site; primarily smooth cobbles used as hammers which were, it was said "collected by the cartload." In addition, a fragment of a wooden bowl about three feet across, a wooden shovel, and a rawhide string were also discovered at the site.</p><br>
<h2>The Minong Mine (1872–1885)</h2><br>
<p>Modern copper mining on Isle Royale was begun in the 1840s and 1850s, although not at the Minong Mine site. This activity ceased in 1855, and for a number of years there were no permanent inhabitants on the island. In 1871, a group of explorers working for the North American Mineral Land Company arrived on the island. In the fall of that year, the explorers found the old Native American pit mines west of McCargoe Cove. In 1872, a group of prospectors returned and staked out the Minong Mine.</p><br>
<p>In late 1874, the Minong Mining Company was organized in Detroit to mine the copper deposits in the area. word for "island" in general and Isle Royale in particular. This company purchased land from the North American Mineral Land Company and commenced a mining operation in 1875.</p><br>
<p>Most of the copper mining was still done in open pit mining, but two shafts, one over 300 feet, were also sunk at the mine. A railroad ran between the mine proper and Cove, and the mining settlement had a post office, a dam, a stamp mill (built in 1876), a dock, and a blacksmith&#39;s shop.</p><br>
<p>The mine produced some large nuggets of copper; the first, in 1874, was a 5720-pound nugget which was subsequently displayed on the courthouse lawn in Detroit and at the 1876 Centennial Exhibition. This copper mass showed evidence of being worked by prehistoric miners, "the surface of the mass had evidently been beaten up into projecting ridges... depressions, several inches deep, and the intervening elevations, with their fractured summits, covering every foot of the exposed superficies." In 1878, a copper mass weighing six tons was discovered, and in 1879 two nuggets of 3317 and 4175 pounds were discovered.</p><br>
<p>In 1879, the Minong Mining Company was reorganized to form the Minong Copper Company, with its headquarters also located in Detroit. The Minong Copper Company continued work until June 1883, when they suspended mining operations, due in part to the low price of copper. A few individuals continued mining operations for another two years or so, but by 1885 all activity had ceased.</p><br>
<p>In the ten years between 1875 and 1885, Minong Mine produced 249 tons of copper. However, the amount of copper produced slowly dwindled, and the mine was abandoned in 1885.</p><br>
<h2>The site today</h2><br>
<p>The area around Minong Mine sports small prehistoric pits, as well as the larger pits (now filled with water) and shafts from the 1870s mine.</p><br>
<p>Halladay Farmhouse is a historic home located at Duanesburg in Schenectady County, New York. It was built about 1786 and remodeled in the 1830s in a vernacular Greek Revival style. It is a -story, five-bay frame building with a small 1-story gable-roofed wing. It features a wide frieze pierced by rectangular eyebrow windows with ornate iron grillwork. Also on the property are two contributing barns, a carriage house, two sheds, and a machine shop building.</p><br>
<p>The property was covered in a 1984 study of Duanesburg historical resources.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Trenton, also known as the "Brick House," is a historic plantation home located near Cumberland, Cumberland County, Virginia. It was built about 1829, and is a -story, brick dwelling with a center-passage, double-pile floor plan, in the Federal style. It has transitional elements of the Early Classical Revival style. A one-story, shed roofed addition was built about 1960. Also on the property are a contributing stable , brick shed/smokehouse, , grading building , and family cemetery. In 1936, the property was acquired by the Resettlement Administration and conveyed by deed to the Department of Conservation and Economic Development in 1954. Since then, it was used as the State Forest superintendent&#39;s home for the Cumberland State Forest until 1990.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Needham is a historic home located near Farmville, in Cumberland County, Virginia. It was constructed in 1802, and is a two-story, three-bay, single-pile, central hall plan frame dwelling. It has a two-story rear ell, with one-story addition built in 1929, although most of the former outbuildings have now disappeared.</p><br>
<p>It was the home of educator, jurist, and politician Creed Taylor(1766-1836). as well as his son Creed Taylor Jr. (1791-1873). The elder Taylor established a proprietary law school in Richmond and moved it in the 1820s to this estate (it was Virginias second law school and the nations fourth), where it trained about 300 lawyers including USA President John Tyler&#39;s son, Ohio Supreme Court justice William Y. Gholson and future USA Congressmen John Minor Botts, Joseph William Chinn and John Hall Fulton as well as future Missouri governor and Confederate general Sterling Price. Although the law school had closed by 1840 (and perhaps a decade earlier, following the establishment of the University of Virginia Law School in 1829). In 1831 Anne Jane Gholson, the mother of novelist Ellen Glasgow was born at Needham.</p><br>
<p>Needham has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1988. Virginia erected a historic marker concerning the proprietary law school in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Hamilton High School is a historic high school building complex located at Cartersville, Cumberland County, Virginia, USA.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was constructed in 1910 and is a two-story wood-frame building, constructed in a local adaptation of the Classical Revival style. It has a hipped roof topped by a bell tower / cupola and is two bays deep and three bays wide, with an exterior footprint of 50 feet by 57 feet. An auditorium annex was added about 1925. A second annex, an agricultural classroom building now referred to as "the cannery" was added to the property about 1930, and the Wayside School (c. 1879), a one-room schoolhouse that was moved to the property from the vicinity of nearby Sportsmen&#39;s Lake between about 1935 and 1945.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Cumberland County Courthouse is a historic courthouse building located at Cumberland, Cumberland County, Virginia. It was built by Dabney Cosby , a master builder for Thomas Jefferson, in 1818. It is a brick, one-story, rectangular, gable-roofed courthouse. The building features the Tuscan order throughout and a tetrastyle portico. Also included are the contributing small, brick, one-story clerks office; the brick, two-story, gable-roofed former jail; and Confederate Civil War monument .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. It is included in the Cumberland Court House Historic District</p><br>
<p>Clifton is a historic plantation house located near Hamilton, Cumberland County, Virginia. It was built about 1760, and is a two-story, seven-bay frame dwelling in the Georgian style. It has a hipped roof and a one-bay, one-story wing on the west end. The front facade features a three-bay, one-story gable roof porch supported by elongated Tuscan order columns. It was the home of Carter Henry Harrison , who as a member of the Cumberland Committee of Safety, wrote the Instructions for Independence presented to the Virginia Convention of May 1776.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Cartersville Bridge is a historic bridge located near Cartersville, Cumberland County, Virginia. The original bridge was constructed in 1822, and its five stone piers of rough cut ashlar and rubble and two stone abutments remain. Atop them is a superstructure constructed in 1883-84 of heavy timber members with cast-iron connections arranged to form a truss configuration based on the Pratt truss. The bridge is composed of six spans with an end-to-end length of 843 ft.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>Cartersville Historic District is a national historic district located at Cartersville, Cumberland County, Virginia. It encompasses 51 contributing buildings and 2 contributing sites in the village of Cartersville. Most of the buildings date to the turn of the 20th century, with a number of late-18th- and 19th-century dwellings and former taverns, two churches, a few commercial buildings, a post office, and a former school. Notable buildings include the Deanery , Glaser House , Baptist Parsonage , Cartersville Tavern , Cartersville Baptist Church , St. Catherine&#39;s Catholic Church , Cartersville Methodist Episcopal Church , Cartersville Post Office , Cartersville Bank , Culbertson House , H. T. Harrison House , and W. E. Robinson House , Newstead Manor .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Cumberland Court House Historic District is a national historic district located at Cumberland, Cumberland County, Virginia. The district encompasses 111 contributing buildings, 5 contributing sites, and 8 contributing objects in the county seat of Cumberland County, Virginia. It includes the governmental core of the village and the residential, commercial, educational, and religious resources that have grown up around the courthouse since Cumberland&#39;s designation as the county seat in 1777. In addition to the separately listed Cumberland County Courthouse complex, notable buildings include Burleigh Hall , Woodlawn , Center Presbyterian Church , Red Rose Inn, Stewart-Crockett House, All Saints Episcopal Church , Larkin Garrett House , Flippen-Crawley House , Joseph Carpenter House , Masonic Lodge #283 , and Payne Memorial United Methodist Church .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Muddy Creek Mill is a historic grist mill complex and national historic district located in Tamworth, Cumberland County, Virginia. The district encompasses five contributing buildings and three contributing sites. The mill was built between 1785 and 1792, and is a large two-story structure with two half stories and rests on a down slope basement. It is constructed of sandstone, rubble masonry, and brick. Associated with the mill are a contributing brick store , early-19th century frame millers house, late-18th century farmhouse and dairy, and the sites of a coopers shop, blacksmith&#39;s shop and saw mill.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Johns Hotel  is a complex of buildings, of which but two remain, located near Washington Harbor, on Barnum Island , Isle Royale National Park, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Captain John F. Johns was originally a miner; he came to Isle Royale to work the Windigo Mine, and later the Minong Mine (in 1881–1883). When the Windigo failed, Johns turned to fishing to make a living,</p><br>
<p>In the late 19th century, there was an upsurge of interest in recreation in the Isle Royale area, leading some inhabitants to supplement their income by working as hunting or fishing guides. In 1892, Captain John F. Johns and his wife Catherine opened the Johns Hotel. The hotel was the first summer resort and first USA Postal Office on Isle Royale. In addition, the site served as the base for the Johns family&#39;s commercial fishing business. By 1902, there were 16 buildings on this site, including a hotel, dining room, store, barn, three fish houses, warehouse, five cottages of various sizes, root house, and two docks.</p><br>
<p>Duluth, Minnesota businessman George Barnum began vacationing at the Johns Hotel in the 1890s. and renamed it Barnum Island. Barnum turned the island into a private resort, inviting his friends to build cabins on the island.</p><br>
<h2>The site today</h2><br>
<p>Two buildings, the hotel and one cottage, remain on the site; the remainder were either dismantled or burned, but some archaeological features remain. It has a gabled roof with shingled gable ends, and 6-over-6 windows.</p><br>
<p>In partnership with the National Park Service and surviving members of the Johns Family, a full restoration of the Johns Hotel began in 1997 and continues today.</p><br>
